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tert-Butylhydroquinone Cytotoxicity
Tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is very often used as an antioxidant in food in South Africa. It's been outlawed in some countries, for example Japan.
Although results are inconclusive, there is reason for worry. From 898. Butylhydroquinone, tert- (TBHQ) (WHO Food Additives Series 40):
The potential of BHA and it primary metabolites TBHQ and TBQ to induce oxidative DNA damage and cell proliferation in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro was investigated. Analysis of the culture medium and lysed cell fractions indicated that TBHQ was actively metabolized in whole blood. No conjugation of TBHQ to glucuronic acid or sulfate was observed. Addition of BHA, TBHQ and TBQ to lymphocytes resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity. TBHQ appeared more cytotoxic than TBQ and TBQ more than BHA. At non-cytotoxic doses, TBHQ induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation as estimated by incorporation of BrdU. TBHQ was also shown to induce the formation of 8-oxodG at non-cytotoxic doses. Of the compounds tested, TBHQ appeared to be the best inducer of both cell proliferation and 8-oxodG formation. These effects were inhibited by co-administration of acetylsalicylic acid, which inhibits prostaglandin H synthetase, thus preventing oxidation of TBHQ to 2- tert-butyl-semiquinone (Schilderman et al., 1995).
So what if this was in vitro, this is still not good. TBHQ and TBQ have long been associated with DNA damage. Damaging lymphocytes? Now that is just plain evil in an area where AIDS is already a major problem. Bah!
Copyright © 2004-2009 Charl van Niekerk. All articles are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South Africa licence, unless where otherwise stated.
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